Transcript DLF_FacultyStudy_2006.ppt

Faculty Rights
and Other Scholarly
Communication Practices
Denise Troll Covey
Principal Librarian for Special Projects
Carnegie Mellon
DLF Forum – Boston, MA
November 2006
The Study: March – June 2006
• Purpose
– Ascertain faculty practices & understanding
regarding publishing & disseminating their work
– Identify triggers likely to change faculty behavior
– Enable the Libraries to target education, tools & services
– Pilot for a larger, multi-institution study
• Design
– Stratified random sample
• Invited more than needed
• Turned away 23 faculty
– Interviews averaged 30 minutes
Faculty track Tenure Teaching Research Library Total
M
F
M
F
4
Engineering 7
3
2
3
1
1
Public policy
2
2
2
Humanities
& social science
6
5
2
3
6
Computer Science 8
Business 4
1
1
2
3
2
1
College / Gender
Fine arts
Science & math
M
F
M
F
11
12
2
6
1
17
2
6
4
12
18
7
4
1
University Libraries
Total interviewed 37 14 14
7
10
1
0
4
87
Target sample 26 12 15
5
9
1
1
3
72
Interview Q&A
• Questions
– Access
– Publishing
– Copyright
– Influence
– Service
– Research
• Answers
– Faculty sometimes talked
around the questions
– Based on previous answers,
some questions weren’t asked
– Data indicate percentage
of all faculty in category
Selected Access
& Publishing Questions
Value of web?
• Faculty value the web more as a tool for access
than a vehicle of dissemination
100%
Access
Dissemination
75%
Other efficiencies
50%
Preservation
25%
ry
Li
br
a
h
es
ea
rc
R
e
nu
r
Te
Te
ac
hi
ng
Al
lt
ra
ck
s
0%
What does “open access” mean?
• Prior to guessing, 16% knew the meaning of open access
• After guessing, 52% knew
100%
Know
75%
Don't know
50%
Knew after guessing
Guessed wrong
25%
0%
ks
c
tra
l
l
A
T
re
u
en
h
c
ing
r
h
ea
ac
s
e
T
Re
ry
a
r
Lib
Do © terms affect choice of publisher?
• 77% are NOT influenced by © transfer terms
• 34% said © terms are not important
100%
Should
Yes
75%
No
Not important
50%
25%
0%
All
ks
c
tra
re
u
n
Te
T
g
n
i
ch
a
e
R
rch
a
e
es
y
r
a
r
Lib
Keep copies of signed agreements?
• 30% do NOT keep copies
• 22% keep copies, but don’t know where they are
100%
Don't know
Yes
75%
No
50%
Don't know where
No signed
agreements
25%
0%
ks
c
tra
l
l
A
ure
n
Te
ch
ing
r
h
a
ac
se
e
e
T
R
y
r
a
r
Lib
Tried to negotiate © transfer terms?
• 10% have tried to negotiate © terms for an article
Of those who tried to negotiate
No
Yes
100%
• Re–use of their work was top priority 75%
50%
• The right to self–archive was
25%
– Of interest to only 3% of the faculty
0%
y
g
h
re
ks
rar
nu ach in earc
ac
b
r
i
e
t
L
s
T
All
Te
Re
– Of interest only to tenure track
assistant & full professors
in computer science, humanities & social science
– Of interest to women slightly more than men
– Not of interest to faculty ages 40-49
Negotiate if not allowed to self-archive?
• 44% would negotiate, 25% would NOT
• 16% would change or avoid the publisher
• 8% would ignore the agreement
100%
Not sure
75%
Yes
50%
No
Change publisher
25%
Ignore agreement
0%
All
ks
c
tra
T
re
u
en
T
g
n
i
ch
a
e
R
h
c
r
ea
s
e
y
r
a
r
Lib
Selected Copyright Questions
Benefits to retaining copyright?
• 61% said control or flexibility
• 8% didn’t know of any benefits
• 24% said little if any value in retaining copyright
100%
Financial benefits
Control, flexibility
75%
Don't know
50%
Concerned moral rights
Little if any value
25%
0%
A
ks
c
a
ll tr
T
re
u
en
ch
ing
r
h
a
ac
se
e
e
T
R
y
r
a
r
Lib
Understand rights in agreements?
• 32% understand, 41% do NOT, 15% aren’t sure
• 15% don’t read agreements carefully or worry about rights
100%
Not sure
Yes
75%
No
50%
Don't read or worry
25%
0%
All
ks
c
tra
T
re
u
en
T
ing
h
c
ea
R
rch
a
e
es
y
r
a
r
Lib
Presumption if rights are unclear?
• 53% said they would consult their agreements,
publishers, colleagues, or legal counsel
• 36% volunteered what they would do without permission
100%
Not sure
75%
Consultation
50%
Do without permission
25%
Request permission
0%
ks
c
a
r
t
l
Al
T
re
u
en
g
n
ch
i
r
h
a
ac
se
e
e
T
R
y
r
a
r
Lib
Tenure-track trends
• Faculty without tenure are more likely to
–
–
–
–
Know the meaning of open access
Consider © transfer terms when choosing a publisher
Understand their rights & keep copies of their agreements
Assistant professors would ignore the agreement
rather than try to negotiate the right to self archive
• Faculty with tenure are more likely to
– See little if any value in retaining ©
– Not read their agreements or worry about their rights
• Regardless of rank or tenure status, most likely (47%) to act
without permission if they don’t understand their rights
Teaching-track trends
• Only assistant teaching professors
–
–
–
–
–
–
Consider © transfer terms when choosing a publisher
Have tried to negotiate © transfer terms for an article
Don’t read their agreements or worry about their rights
Aren’t sure if they understand their rights in their agreements
Would ignore their agreements with publishers
See financial benefits to retaining their ©
• Only full professors will ask permission
if they don’t understand their rights
Research-track trends
• Behavior in regard to © transfer
– No faculty would change publishers because of their © terms
– Only full professors have tried to negotiate © terms for an article
– Only associate professors would ignore the agreement
rather than try to negotiate the right to self archive
• Assistant research professors
– All think they understand their rights in their agreements
– All keep copies of their agreements, but don’t know where
• The following appear to increase with rank
–
–
–
–
Appreciation of the web as a vehicle of dissemination
Importance of © transfer terms in choosing a publisher
Perception that there is little if any value in retaining ©
Acting without permission (overall 27%)
Gender trends
• Men are more likely than women to
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Value the web as a vehicle of dissemination
Be influenced by © transfer terms when choosing a publisher
Try to negotiate © transfer terms
Not try to negotiate the right to self-archive if publisher forbid it
Not keep copies of their © transfer agreements
Ignore the terms of their agreements
Act without permission
See little if any value in retaining ©
Think © is not important
• Only men said they
– Don’t understand their © transfer agreements
– Don’t read their agreements or worry about their rights
Age trends
• Ages 30-39 most likely to
– Try to negotiate © transfer terms
• Ages 40-49 most likely to
–
–
–
–
Be influenced by © transfer terms when choosing a publisher
See little if any value in retaining ©
Think © is not important
Not keep copies of agreements
• When rights are unclear
– Older faculty are more likely to consult the agreement, etc.
– Younger faculty are more likely to act without permission
Selected Influence Questions
If president & provost encouraged publishing in OA journals
Influence where you choose to publish?
• 36% WOULD be influenced, at least under certain conditions
• 41% would NOT be influenced – Only junior faculty / men
100%
Not sure
Yes
75%
No
Yes, if …
50%
25%
0%
ks
c
tra
l
l
A
T
ure
n
e
T
ing
h
c
ea
R
h
c
r
ea
es
y
ar
r
b
Li
If promotion & tenure committees valued OA journals
as highly or more highly than traditional journals
Influence where you choose to publish?
• 53% WOULD be influenced – 17% more than pres/provost
• 24% would NOT be influenced – 17% less than pres/provost
100%
Not sure
Yes
75%
No
Yes, if...
50%
25%
0%
All
ks
c
tra
T
ure
n
e
T
ing
h
c
ea
R
h
c
r
ea
es
y
ar
r
b
Li
If president & provost encouraged publishing in OA journals
Influence negotiate right to self-archive?
• 49% WOULD be influenced
• 22% would NOT be influenced
100%
Not sure
Yes
75%
No
50%
25%
0%
A
ks
c
a
ll tr
T
re
u
en
T
g
n
i
ch
ea
R
h
c
r
ea
s
e
ry
a
r
Lib
If promotion & tenure committees valued OA journals
as highly or more highly than traditional journals
Influence negotiate right to self-archive?
• 53% WOULD be influenced – 4% more than pres/provost
• 11% would NOT be influenced – 11% less than pres/provost
100%
Not sure
Yes
75%
No
50%
25%
0%
A
ks
c
a
ll tr
re
u
n
Te
T
g
n
i
ch
ea
R
h
c
r
ea
s
e
y
r
a
r
Lib
Resist influence peddling
Resist president & provost
Resist P&T committees
100%
Only faculty
with tenure
75%
Only associate
professors
50%
Only assistant
professors
25%
0%
All
ck
a
r
t
s
ry
a
rch
ure ching
r
a
n
a
se
Lib
Te
e
e
T
R
• 5% resist president/provost
– Business, engineering,
computer science
– All age ranges
• 17% resist promotion
& tenure committees
– Business, humanities &
social science, computer
science, science & math,
engineering
– All age ranges
– Only men
63% are concerned about open access
• Both genders & all age ranges are concerned about OA
• Concern decreases slightly with age
100%
Prestige
Quality
75%
Other
50%
Topic
25%
View of peers
Sustainability
0%
All
ks
c
a
tr
ure
n
Te
ac
e
T
g
hin
Re
rch
a
se
ry
a
r
Lib
Concern about OA
13% Self-archive, 15% OA
• Faculty track
– Tenure: all ranks
– Teaching: assistant & associate
– Research: associate & full
100%
Already self-archiving
75%
Already OA
• Disciplines
– Computer science,
public policy, engineering,
business, science & math
• All age ranges
• More men than women
50%
25%
0%
ks
A
ac
r
t
ll
ure ching
rch brary
n
a
a
Li
se
Te
e
e
T
R
Incentive to negotiate right to self-archive
Univ provides tools & support
Peer behavior
Time / confidence
Won't / not likely to negotiate
Publisher behavior
Other incentives
Collective bargaining
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
All tracks
Tenure
Better understanding of OA
Not sure
15%
Teaching
Others mandate or request
University requests
Research
Library
Evidence of access problem
University negotiates
10%
5%
0%
All tracks
Tenure
Teaching
Research
Library
Educational Program
on Rights and Open Access
• Audience: Carnegie Mellon faculty and graduate students
• Sponsors: University Libraries and legal counsel
• Components:
– Speaker series –Provost Mark Kamlet, Kenny Crews,
open access in science & technology (SPARC),
open access in the humanities & social sciences
– Presentations – President’s Council (deans), Provost’s Council
(department heads), Faculty Senate
– Copyright workshop
– Carnegie Mellon authors’ addendum
– Documentation & publicity