DNV, NexTech Materials, Beckett Energy Systems

Sensor Enhanced and Model Validated Life Extension of Li-ion Batteries for Energy Storage

ARPA-e

AMPED

Program

Sensor Enhanced and Model Validated Life Extension of Batteries for Energy Storage Technology

DNV is testing a novel off gas measurement concept to detect degradation in Li-ion batteries. This monitoring and measurement concept will be used to monitor batteries under varied stress, and demonstrate safe monitoring of second life batteries in a community energy storage application.

Novel, non invasive sensing technique for battery degradation and off gas Validation and economic test of second life of batteries Deployment of second life system with sensors in a commercial community energy storage system

DNV, NexTech Materials, Beckett Energy Systems Davion Hill, Ph.D., Senior Engineer DNV Research 614.761.1214 , Davion.M.Hill@dnv.com

Advantage and Differentiation

The sensor concept is unobtrusive and nondestructive. Monitoring in this fashion offers the following benefits: • Improved safety • Providing a warning mechanism for flammable off gas • Correlating state of health or stress with off gas activity • Viable for stationary or mobile applications Addressing safety is a unique feature of this technology.

Performance Targets Metric State of the Art Proposed

1.2

1.0

0.8

0.6

1 ppm 2 ppm 0.4

0.2

10 ppm 1 ppm 2 ppm 10 ppm 10 ppm 1 ppm 2 ppm 2 ppm 10 ppm 1 ppm 10 ppm 0.0

0 20 40

Time (hours)

60 80 Sensor for multiple cell faults Battery life prediction with +/- 10% accuracy Demonstration of second life in CES Temperature or voltage Intentional overdesign Never been done Novel off-gas sensor Life extension with doubled revenue Validation of performance © Det Norske Veritas AS. All rights reserved.

Please contact regarding: R&D, technology validation, collaboration, press, business development

Can off gas be used for monitoring and control?

Sensor Enhanced and Model Validated Life Extension of Batteries for Energy Storage

© Det Norske Veritas AS. All rights reserved.

Project Partners and Roles

• Testing • Modeling • Evaluation • Off gas sensor • monitoring • Demonstration • Batteries • Energy storage technology

Sensor Enhanced and Model Validated Life Extension of Batteries for Energy Storage

© Det Norske Veritas AS. All rights reserved.

Sensor Prototype Platform

Contact: Lora Thrun l.thrun@nextechmaterials.com

GOAL: Monitor EC and DEC off gas from batteries

Prototype Sensor Construction

• Tubular element packaged on TO8 header with resistive heater • Packaged element soldered to circuit board and installed in housing • Prototype Device I/O – 12-24VDC input – Heater control – Signal processing (element resistance  0-5VDC output)

Sensor Enhanced and Model Validated Life Extension of Batteries for Energy Storage

© Det Norske Veritas AS. All rights reserved.

Integrated Approach to Battery Qualification

Contact: Davion.M.Hill@dnv.com

1 Design Specification Test 2 5 Performance Model Severity Ranking of Degradation Factors 4 3 Cumulative Energy Map 1.2

1 0.8

0.6

0.4

0.2

0 0 200 400 Battery 1 Battery 3 Battery 2 Battery 0 Battery 4 600

Cumulative Ah

800 1000 1200 1400 © Det Norske Veritas AS. All rights reserved.

Demonstration

Distributed Energy Storage At the Grid Edge

Sensor Enhanced and Model Validated Life Extension of Batteries for Energy Storage

© Det Norske Veritas AS. All rights reserved.

Contact: Brad Moore bmoore@beckettcorp.com

Thermal and Cycle Testing to Qualify Sensing Mechanism

Temperature ramping and heat soak Environmental boxes Gas control, monitoring, and sampling

Sensor Enhanced and Model Validated Life Extension of Batteries for Energy Storage

© Det Norske Veritas AS. All rights reserved.

8

Facilities

© Det Norske Veritas AS. All rights reserved.

9

Community Energy Storage

© Det Norske Veritas AS. All rights reserved.

10