Transcript Document
ICAMP: POLICY CONCLAVE ON REDUCING VEHICULAR EMISSIONS TO IMPROVE AIR QUALITY DELHI, FEBRUARY 04, 2014
COMBATING VEHICULAR POLLUTION: GETTING BEYOND RECITATION
Dr. Prashant Gargava and Ms Meetu Puri Central Pollution Control Board Delhi (Email: eepg.cpcb@nic.in
) (Web: http://www.cpcb.nic.in
)
PRESENTATION OUTLINE VEHICULAR POLLUTION CONTROL
o
What have been done? – Actions
o
What have been achieved? – Status
o
Are we on the right track? – Action Dilemma
o
What can be done? – Way Forward
VEHICULAR POLLUTION CONTROL TECHNOLOGY INTERVENTIONS
o
Improved fuel quality – S content in Diesel: 0.5% (1996) – 0.005% (mega cities) and 0.035% (rest of the country) (2010); Gasoline: 0.015% – 0.005%
o
Progressive emission norms for vehicles – BS I (1999) – BS IV in major cities and BS III in rest of the country (2010)
o
Alternate cleaner fuel (CNG/LPG) of total fleet), 0.55 million in Delhi – 1.1 million vehicles (8%
o
Improvement in public transport system (Metro) million passengers; 2500 trips covering 69,000 km – 2.5
RESOURCE INTENSIVE
EMISSION REDUCTIONS IN PASSENGER CARS ( DIESEL)
CO HC+NOx NOx PM BS-III BS-IV BS-V BS-VI 0.64
21.8% 0.50 0% 0.50 0% 0.50
0.56
46.4% 0.30
23.3% 0.23
26% 0.17
0.50
50% 0.25
28% 0.18
55.5% 0.08 0.05
50% 0.025
80% 0.005
0% 0.005
EMISSION REDUCTIONS IN PASSENGER CARS (GASOLINE)
CO HC NOx BS-III BS-IV BS-V 2.3 21.8% 1.0 0% 1.0 0% 0.20
50.0% 0.10
0% 0.10
BS-VI 1.0 0% 0.10
0.15
47% 0.08
25% 0.06
0% 0.06
VEHICULAR POLLUTION CONTROL MANAGEMENT INTERVENTIONS
o
Phasing out of old commercial vehicles
o
PUC Scheme
o
Restriction on goods vehicles during day time
o
Installation of time clocks at important crossings
o
Construction of more flyovers and subways IMPLEMENTATION DIFFICULTIES
VEHICLE GROWTH IN DELHI AND INDIA 180 160 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Delhi 3.45 3.55
India 55 58.9
3.9
67 4.2
4.5
4.8
5.2
5.6
72.7 81.5 89.6 96.7 105.
6 115 6.5
6.9
7.4
127. 141. 159.
Source : MoRTH & Delhi Transport Department
300 250 200 150 100 50 0 AIR QUALITY AT ITO, DELHI
Vehicle Nox PM 2.5
PM10
8000000 7000000 6000000 5000000 4000000 3000000 2000000 1000000 0 Year
SIX CITY STUDY: PM 10 SOURCE CONTRIBUTIONS City
Sources Roadside Dust Vehicles Industries
Bangalore Chennai Delhi Kanpur Mumbai Pune 45 – 55 10 – 22 27
Construction Secondary Particulates Domestic DG Sets
2 – 11 7 – 18 6 35 4 14 – 27 – 48 – 20 – 16 14 29 9 – 20 15 – 17 8 – 26 6 – 9 2 – 19 23 3 7 – 7 – 9 16 – 19 10 – 21 – 9 15 – 26 3 – 18 – 12 5 – 8 29 – 47 1 – 7 28 – 46 49 64 2 6 3 – 10 – 28 – 4 – Roadside dust and vehicles are prominent sources in all the six cities
EMISSION INVENTORY FOR SIX CITIES PM 10
100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% Bangalore (54.30) Chennai (11.02) Delhi (147.2) Kanpur (9.4) Mumbai (73.5) Pune (32.3) Others DG Sets Industries Construcion Vehicle Exhaust Paved & Unpaved Road Dust Domestic Combustion
PM 10 :
o o
Major Source – Road dust re-suspension Significant contribution of industries in Mumbai and Delhi Kanpur, NOx
100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% Bangalore (217.44) Chennai (12.16) Delhi (460.0) Kanpur (22.50) Mumbai (215.59) Pune (41.41) Others DG Sets Industries Vehicle Exhaust Domestic Combustion
NO x :
o
Vehicles are major source
o
Contribution of industries (power plants) high in Delhi, Mumbai and Kanpur Important observation: A few prominent sources in a city can mask the contribution of the other sources.
HEAVY DUTY DIESEL VEHICLE: 40 – 59%
EMISSION INVENTORY (TONS/YEAR): DELHI, 2010 Source: International Council on Clean Transportation
CARBON AND TOXIC METAL FRACTION IN PM 10 EMISSIONS IN DELHI, 2007: CONTRIBUTION OF DIFFERENT SOURCES 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% PM10 EC OC TC Pb PM 10 Species Ni As Vehicle Paved Road Generator Set Construction Soild Waste Burning Waste Incinerator Crematoria Commercial Domestic Cooking Industry Power Plant
CARBON AND TOXIC METAL FRACTION IN PM 10 EMISSIONS IN DELHI, 2007: CONTRIBUTION OF DIFFERENT FUELS 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% PM10 EC OC TC Pb PM 10 Species Ni As Wood Coal Kerosene Diesel Gasoline Compressed Natural Gas Liquified Petroleum Gas
CONTRIBUTION OF DIESEL, GASOLINE AND CNG FUELED VEHICLES TO PM 10 , CARBON AND TOXIC METAL EMISSIONS IN DELHI, 2007 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% PM10 EC OC TC PM 10 Species Pb Gasoline Vehicle Compressed Natural Gas Vehicle Ni Diesel Vehicle
CONCLUSION
o
Action Dilemma options?
– Technology v/s Management based
o o
No direct visible impact/correlation of the measures taken – many influencing factors Many contributing sources – vehicle share not most prominent, but road dust could be attributed to vehicle movement
o
Higher contribution of vehicles and diesel in toxic carbon component of PM
WAY FORWARD
o
Efficient, affordable, convenient public transport
o
Next generation norms – sooner the better
o
Get the dirty vehicles off the roads as quickly as possible
o
Address pollution from heavy duty diesel vehicles effective freight management –
o
Policies to translate in micro level actions
o
Minimize activities in hotspots
o
Experiment with ideas
o
Aggressive public awareness